Citations

Learning to Route Electric Trucks Under Operational Uncertainty

Orfanoudakis, S., Li, Z., Yang, R., Aristov, N., Vergara, P. P., Fan, C., & Dugundji, E. (2026). Learning to Route Electric Trucks Under Operational Uncertainty. arXiv:2604.26566. Under review.

@misc{orfanoudakis2026learningrouteelectrictrucks,
  title = {Learning to Route Electric Trucks Under Operational Uncertainty},
  author = {Stavros Orfanoudakis and Ziyan Li and Ruixiao Yang and Nikolay Aristov and Pedro P. Vergara and Chuchu Fan and Elenna Dugundji},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.26566},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  primaryClass = {eess.SY},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.26566}
}

Topology-Aware Graph Reinforcement Learning for Energy Storage Systems Optimal Dispatch in Distribution Networks

Gao, S., Orfanoudakis, S., Hou, S., Palensky, P., & Vergara, P. P. (2026). Topology-Aware Graph Reinforcement Learning for Energy Storage Systems Optimal Dispatch in Distribution Networks. arXiv:2603.26264. Under review at Energy and AI.

@misc{gao2026topologyaware,
  title = {Topology-Aware Graph Reinforcement Learning for Energy Storage Systems Optimal Dispatch in Distribution Networks},
  author = {Gao, Shuyi and Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Hou, Shengren and Palensky, Peter and Vergara, Pedro P.},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.26264},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  note = {Under review at Energy and AI}
}

Optimizing Electric Vehicles Charging Using Large Language Models and Graph Neural Networks

Orfanoudakis, S., Palensky, P., & Vergara, P. P. (2025). Optimizing Electric Vehicles Charging Using Large Language Models and Graph Neural Networks. arXiv:2502.03067. Second revision at International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems.

@misc{orfanoudakis2025llmev,
  title = {Optimizing Electric Vehicles Charging Using Large Language Models and Graph Neural Networks},
  author = {Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Palensky, Peter and Vergara, Pedro P.},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.03067},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  note = {Second revision at International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems}
}

Physics-Informed Reinforcement Learning for Large-Scale EV Smart Charging Considering Distribution Network Voltage Constraints

Orfanoudakis, S., Oliehoek, F. A., Palensky, P., & Vergara, P. P. (2026). Physics-informed reinforcement learning for large-scale EV smart charging considering distribution network voltage constraints. Applied Energy, 421, 128224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128224

@article{orfanoudakis2025pirl,
  title = {Physics-Informed Reinforcement Learning for Large-Scale EV Smart Charging Considering Distribution Network Voltage Constraints},
  author = {Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Oliehoek, Frans A. and Palensky, Peter and Vergara, Pedro P.},
  journal = {Applied Energy},
  volume = {421},
  pages = {128224},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128224},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261926008780}
}

A Graph Neural Network Enhanced Decision Transformer for Efficient Optimization in Dynamic Smart Charging Environments

Orfanoudakis, S., Panda, N. K., Palensky, P., & Vergara, P. P. (2026). A graph neural network enhanced decision transformer for efficient optimization in dynamic smart charging environments. Energy and AI, 23, 100679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyai.2026.100679

@article{orfanoudakis2026gnndt,
  title = {A Graph Neural Network Enhanced Decision Transformer for Efficient Optimization in Dynamic Smart Charging Environments},
  author = {Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Panda, Nanda Kishor and Palensky, Peter and Vergara, Pedro P.},
  journal = {Energy and AI},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {100679},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1016/j.egyai.2026.100679}
}

Physics-Informed Neural Network with Adaptive Activation for Power Flow

Kaseb, Z., Orfanoudakis, S., Vergara, P. P., & Palensky, P. (2026). Physics-informed neural network with adaptive activation for power flow. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 174, 111525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.111525

@article{kaseb2026pinn4pf,
  title = {Physics-Informed Neural Network with Adaptive Activation for Power Flow},
  author = {Kaseb, Zeynab and Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Vergara, Pedro P. and Palensky, Peter},
  journal = {International Journal of Electrical Power \& Energy Systems},
  volume = {174},
  pages = {111525},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.111525}
}

Open Source Algorithms for Maximizing V2G Flexibility Based on Model Predictive Control

Diaz-Londono, C., Orfanoudakis, S., Vergara Barrios, P. P., Palensky, P., Ruiz, F., & Gruosso, G. (2026). Open source algorithms for maximizing V2G flexibility based on model predictive control. Electric Power Systems Research, 250, 112082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112082

@article{diazlondono2026mpcv2g,
  title = {Open Source Algorithms for Maximizing {V2G} Flexibility Based on Model Predictive Control},
  author = {Diaz-Londono, Cesar and Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Vergara Barrios, Pedro P. and Palensky, Peter and Ruiz, Fredy and Gruosso, Giambattista},
  journal = {Electric Power Systems Research},
  volume = {250},
  pages = {112082},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112082}
}

High-Temporal-Resolution Dataset of Uni-, Bidirectional, and Dynamic Electric Vehicle Charging Profiles

Esser, M., Orfanoudakis, S., Homaee, O., Vahidinasab, V., Vergara, P. P., & Spina, A. (2025). High-temporal-resolution dataset of uni-, bidirectional, and dynamic electric vehicle charging profiles. Scientific Data, 12(1), 1192. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05524-5

@article{esser2025dataset,
  title = {High-Temporal-Resolution Dataset of Uni-, Bidirectional, and Dynamic Electric Vehicle Charging Profiles},
  author = {Esser, Marcel and Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Homaee, Omid and Vahidinasab, Vahid and Vergara, Pedro P. and Spina, Alfio},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1192},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-025-05524-5}
}

Scalable Reinforcement Learning for Large-Scale Coordination of Electric Vehicles Using Graph Neural Networks

Orfanoudakis, S., Robu, V., Salazar, E. M., Palensky, P., & Vergara, P. P. (2025). Scalable reinforcement learning for large-scale coordination of electric vehicles using graph neural networks. Communications Engineering, 4(1), 118. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-025-00457-8

@article{orfanoudakis2025evgnn,
  title = {Scalable Reinforcement Learning for Large-Scale Coordination of Electric Vehicles Using Graph Neural Networks},
  author = {Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Robu, Valentin and Salazar, E. Mauricio and Palensky, Peter and Vergara, Pedro P.},
  journal = {Communications Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {118},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.1038/s44172-025-00457-8}
}

EV2Gym: A Flexible V2G Simulator for EV Smart Charging Research and Benchmarking

Orfanoudakis, S., Diaz-Londono, C., Yilmaz, Y. E., Palensky, P., & Vergara, P. P. (2025). EV2Gym: A flexible V2G simulator for EV smart charging research and benchmarking. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 26(2), 2410-2421. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2024.3510945

@article{orfanoudakis2025ev2gym,
  title = {{EV2Gym}: A Flexible {V2G} Simulator for {EV} Smart Charging Research and Benchmarking},
  author = {Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Diaz-Londono, Cesar and Yilmaz, Yunus Emre and Palensky, Peter and Vergara, Pedro P.},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {2410--2421},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.1109/TITS.2024.3510945}
}

A Comprehensive Analysis of Agent Factorization and Learning Algorithms in Multiagent Systems

Kallinteris, A., Orfanoudakis, S., & Chalkiadakis, G. (2024). A comprehensive analysis of agent factorization and learning algorithms in multiagent systems. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 38(2), 27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10458-024-09662-9

@article{kallinteris2024comprehensive,
  title = {A Comprehensive Analysis of Agent Factorization and Learning Algorithms in Multiagent Systems},
  author = {Kallinteris, Andreas and Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Chalkiadakis, Georgios},
  journal = {Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {27},
  year = {2024},
  doi = {10.1007/s10458-024-09662-9}
}

PowerFlowNet: Power Flow Approximation Using Message Passing Graph Neural Networks

Lin, N., Orfanoudakis, S., Ordonez Cardenas, N., Giraldo, J. S., & Vergara, P. P. (2024). PowerFlowNet: Power flow approximation using message passing graph neural networks. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 160, 110112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110112

@article{lin2024powerflownet,
  title = {{PowerFlowNet}: Power Flow Approximation Using Message Passing Graph Neural Networks},
  author = {Lin, Nan and Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Ordonez Cardenas, Nathan and Giraldo, Juan S. and Vergara, Pedro P.},
  journal = {International Journal of Electrical Power \& Energy Systems},
  volume = {160},
  pages = {110112},
  year = {2024},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110112}
}

Novel Meta-Learning Techniques for the Multiclass Image Classification Problem

Vogiatzis, A., Orfanoudakis, S., Chalkiadakis, G., Moirogiorgou, K., & Zervakis, M. (2023). Novel meta-learning techniques for the multiclass image classification problem. Sensors, 23(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010009

@article{vogiatzis2023metalearning,
  title = {Novel Meta-Learning Techniques for the Multiclass Image Classification Problem},
  author = {Vogiatzis, Antonios and Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Chalkiadakis, Georgios and Moirogiorgou, Konstantia and Zervakis, Michalis},
  journal = {Sensors},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9},
  year = {2023},
  doi = {10.3390/s23010009}
}

Flow Matching Policy Optimization with Mirror Descent and Entropy Constraints

Gao, T., Orfanoudakis, S., Lin, N., Daamen, W., Hoogendoorn, S. P., & Isufi, E. (2026). Flow matching policy optimization with mirror descent and entropy constraints. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS). arXiv:2603.17685.

@inproceedings{gao2026flowmatching,
  title = {Flow Matching Policy Optimization with Mirror Descent and Entropy Constraints},
  author = {Gao, Ting and Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Lin, Nan and Daamen, Winnie and Hoogendoorn, Serge P. and Isufi, Elvin},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.17685},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.17685}
}

SAVGO: Learning State-Action Value Geometry with Cosine Similarity for Continuous Control

Orfanoudakis, S., & Vergara, P. P. (2026). SAVGO: Learning state-action value geometry with cosine similarity for continuous control. In Proceedings of the 14th Hellenic Conference on Artificial Intelligence (SETN). Best Student Paper Award. arXiv:2605.00787.

@inproceedings{orfanoudakis2026savgo,
  title = {SAVGO: Learning State-Action Value Geometry with Cosine Similarity for Continuous Control},
  author = {Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Vergara, Pedro P.},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th Hellenic Conference on Artificial Intelligence (SETN)},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.00787},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00787},
  note = {Best Student Paper Award}
}

Community-to-Vehicle: Integrating Electric Vehicles into Energy Communities -- A Swiss Case Study

Li, N., Liu, D., Orfanoudakis, S., Okur, Ö., Panda, N. K., Vergara, P. P., & Koirala, B. (2026). Community-to-vehicle: Integrating electric vehicles into energy communities -- A Swiss case study. In IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe). arXiv:2605.05976.

@inproceedings{li2026communityvehicle,
  title = {Community-to-Vehicle: Integrating Electric Vehicles into Energy Communities -- A Swiss Case Study},
  author = {Li, Na and Liu, Dong and Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Okur, Özge and Panda, N. K. and Vergara, Pedro P. and Koirala, Binod},
  booktitle = {IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe)},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.05976},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  primaryClass = {eess.SY},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05976}
}

Can A.I. Revolutionize EV Dispatch?

Orfanoudakis, S., Elders, B., Palensky, P., & Vergara, P. P. (2026). Can A.I. Revolutionize EV Dispatch? In I. Koprinska, J. Mendes-Moreira, & P. Branco (Eds.), Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (pp. 11-25). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-19102-1_1

@inproceedings{orfanoudakis2026dispatch,
  author = {Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Elders, Bob and Palensky, Peter and Vergara, Pedro P.},
  editor = {Koprinska, Irena and Mendes-Moreira, João and Branco, Paula},
  title = {Can A.I. Revolutionize EV Dispatch?},
  booktitle = {Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases},
  year = {2026},
  publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},

  pages = {11--25},
  isbn = {978-3-032-19102-1},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-032-19102-1_1}
}

Safe Reinforcement Learning for V2G-Enabled Electric Vehicle Aggregators

Eland, R., Orfanoudakis, S., & Vergara, P. P. (2026). Safe reinforcement learning for V2G-enabled electric vehicle aggregators. In I. Koprinska, J. Mendes-Moreira, & P. Branco (Eds.), Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (pp. 76-91). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-19102-1_5

@inproceedings{eland2026saferl,
  author = {Eland, Ruben and Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Vergara, Pedro P.},
  editor = {Koprinska, Irena and Mendes-Moreira, João and Branco, Paula},
  title = {Safe Reinforcement Learning for {V2G}-Enabled Electric Vehicle Aggregators},
  booktitle = {Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases},
  year = {2026},
  publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
  pages = {76--91},
  isbn = {978-3-032-19102-1},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-032-19102-1_5}
}

A Dynamic Prediction Tool for Vehicle-to-Grid Operation and Planning

Ravanbach, B., Turhan, E., Wulff, N., Orfanoudakis, S., Vergara, P. P., Vahidinasab, V., Dias, L., & Mendes, G. (2024). A Dynamic Prediction Tool for Vehicle-to-Grid Operation and Planning. In Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE 22nd Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON) (pp. 610-615). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/MELECON56669.2024.10608538

@inproceedings{ravanbach2024v2gtool,
  title = {A Dynamic Prediction Tool for Vehicle-to-Grid Operation and Planning},
  author = {Ravanbach, Babak and Turhan, Elif and Wulff, Niklas and Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Vergara, Pedro P. and Vahidinasab, Vahid and Dias, Luiz and Mendes, Goncalo},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE 22nd Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON)},
  pages = {610--615},
  year = {2024},
  doi = {10.1109/MELECON56669.2024.10608538}
}

Energy Storage Systems Planning in the Electric Distribution System Considering the Grow of PV Penetration

Martinez, N. A., Orfanoudakis, S., Vergara, P. P., & Franco, J. F. (2024). Energy Storage Systems Planning in the Electric Distribution System Considering the Grow of PV Penetration. In Proceedings of the 24th EEEIC International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 8th I&CPS Europe. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEIC/ICPSEurope61470.2024.10751415

@inproceedings{martinez2024essplanning,
  title = {Energy Storage Systems Planning in the Electric Distribution System Considering the Grow of PV Penetration},
  author = {Martinez, Norberto A. and Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Vergara, Pedro P. and Franco, John F.},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th EEEIC International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 8th I\&CPS Europe},
  year = {2024},
  doi = {10.1109/EEEIC/ICPSEurope61470.2024.10751415}
}

Reinforcement Learning for Optimized EV Charging Through Power Setpoint Tracking

Yilmaz, Y. E., Orfanoudakis, S., & Vergara, P. P. (2024). Reinforcement Learning for Optimized EV Charging Through Power Setpoint Tracking. In IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe 2024). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE62998.2024.10863457

@inproceedings{yilmaz2024powersetpoint,
  title = {Reinforcement Learning for Optimized EV Charging Through Power Setpoint Tracking},
  author = {Yilmaz, Yunus Emre and Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Vergara, Pedro P.},
  booktitle = {IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe 2024)},
  year = {2024},
  doi = {10.1109/ISGTEUROPE62998.2024.10863457}
}

A Novel Aggregation Framework for the Efficient Integration of Distributed Energy Resources in the Smart Grid

Orfanoudakis, S., & Chalkiadakis, G. (2023). A Novel Aggregation Framework for the Efficient Integration of Distributed Energy Resources in the Smart Grid. In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS) (pp. 2514-2516).

@inproceedings{orfanoudakis2023aggregation,
  title = {A Novel Aggregation Framework for the Efficient Integration of Distributed Energy Resources in the Smart Grid},
  author = {Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Chalkiadakis, Georgios},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS)},
  pages = {2514--2516},
  year = {2023},
  url = {https://research.tudelft.nl/en/publications/a-novel-aggregation-framework-for-the-efficient-integration-of-di/}
}

The Performance Impact of Combining Agent Factorization with Different Learning Algorithms for Multiagent Coordination

Kallinteris, A., Orfanoudakis, S., & Chalkiadakis, G. (2022). The Performance Impact of Combining Agent Factorization with Different Learning Algorithms for Multiagent Coordination. In Proceedings of the 12th Hellenic Conference on Artificial Intelligence (SETN 2022). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3549737.3549773

@inproceedings{kallinteris2022factorization,
  title = {The Performance Impact of Combining Agent Factorization with Different Learning Algorithms for Multiagent Coordination},
  author = {Kallinteris, Andreas and Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Chalkiadakis, Georgios},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th Hellenic Conference on Artificial Intelligence (SETN 2022)},
  year = {2022},
  doi = {10.1145/3549737.3549773}
}

Intelligent Robotic System for Urban Waste Recycling

Moirogiorgou, K., Raptopoulos, F., Livanos, G., Orfanoudakis, S., Papadogiorgaki, M., Zervakis, M., & Maniadakis, M. (2022). Intelligent robotic system for urban waste recycling. In Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IST55454.2022.9827769

@inproceedings{moirogiorgou2022robotic,
  title = {Intelligent Robotic System for Urban Waste Recycling},
  author = {Moirogiorgou, Konstantia and Raptopoulos, Freiderikos and Livanos, George and Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Papadogiorgaki, Maria and Zervakis, Michalis and Maniadakis, Michail},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST)},
  year = {2022},
  doi = {10.1109/IST55454.2022.9827769}
}

Aiming for Half Gets You to the Top: Winning PowerTAC 2020

Orfanoudakis, S., Kontos, S., Akasiadis, C., & Chalkiadakis, G. (2021). Aiming for Half Gets You to the Top: Winning PowerTAC 2020. In A. Rosenfeld & N. Talmon (Eds.), Multi-Agent Systems -- 18th European Conference, EUMAS 2021, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 144-159). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82254-5_9

@inproceedings{orfanoudakis2021powertac,
  title = {Aiming for Half Gets You to the Top: Winning PowerTAC 2020},
  author = {Orfanoudakis, Stavros and Kontos, Stefanos and Akasiadis, Charilaos and Chalkiadakis, Georgios},
  editor = {Rosenfeld, Ariel and Talmon, Nimrod},
  booktitle = {Multi-Agent Systems -- 18th European Conference, EUMAS 2021, Revised Selected Papers},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {12802},
  pages = {144--159},
  year = {2021},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-82254-5_9}
}